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Vair

A form of fur fabric originating in the 14th century, created by sewing the backs and bellies of squirrels to one another in a checkered pattern. The pattern as a lining was mainly popular in the early 14th century, then later alternative styles gained popularity over it. The name is derived from the word variation or variegation and the colors varied from light gray, to nearly black, to gray with red streaks.

Vat Dyeing

A method of dyeing that is particularly used on cellulosic fibers involving a water-insoluble dye. The dye is applied in a soluble form as to impregnate the fiber and then is oxidized to get it to return it to its original form. Gets its name from the vats that were originally used in the reduction of the indigo plants through fermentation.

Vegetable Fiber

A form of natural fiber that is derived from plants. These fibers can be divided into three basic classifications; bast fibers including flax and hemp, leaf fibers such as manila and sisal, or seed fibers like cotton. Also see Cellulose Fibers.

Velour

A fabric resembling velvet or velveteen produced with a knit construction.

Velvet

A fabric with a short, dense pile made with an extra warp yarn typically used in fashion and upholstery. Velvet can be made from a variety of materials including silk and polyester. The word velvet comes from the middle French word velu or "shaggy".

Velvet Satin

A luxurious silk fabric with a short cut pile and a satin weave as the base. This fabric combines the richness of a satin with the soft hand of a velvet.

Velveteen

A fabric with a pile similar to velvet created with staple fibers rather than filament fibers, often produced with cotton. Velveteen is created by floating filings over 4 or 5 warp yarns on the typically plainly woven or twill fabric base.

Venetian

A wool or worsted fabric made with a satin or twill weave that is sometimes napped. Getting its name from the city of Venice where it was created and textile weaving has been prevalent since the 9th century.

Venise Lace

A type of needle lace, originally made in Italy in the 17th century, where a design is stitched onto dissolvable fabric which is later removed to reveal a raised embroidery pattern. Some of the earliest examples of Venise lace date back to the 16th century and depicted sharp acute angles and geometric patterns worked separately but later linked by a narrow band "footing". Also referred to as Guipure Lace or Point de Venise.

Vichy

A medium-weight, plainly woven fabric made from horizontal and vertical bands of dyed cotton or cotton blended yarns in variations of the same color. Although originally a striped fabric, modern day Vichy features a checkered pattern and is interchangeably referred to as gingham.

Vicuna

A species of South American camelid, distantly related to the Alpaca, which produce a small amount of very fine wool every three years. Due to the rarity of the wool and the fact that Vicuna cannot be domesticated and must be wild-caught to be shorn, the price for this wool in incredibly high. Occasionally, Merino wool will be woven in such a way that the material resembles vicuna wool and is also sold as Vicuna wool. Although it no longer holds endangered species status, it is illegal to wear Vicuna wool in Peru unless you are Inca royalty.

Vinyl

A plasticized version of PVC that is pliable enough to be added to a layer of fabric. This version of PVC was accidentally discovered in 1926 by Waldo L. Semon while he was trying to create a synthetic rubber. Originally, it was thought to be a way of adhering rubber to metal, but after additional testing, he realized he had created a highly versatile plasticized material that today we use in hundreds of ways.

Virgin Wool

The first coat of fleece produced from a lamb. This is the softest and finest coat it will produce in its lifetime. Although used less often in this context, this term can also refer to wool that has not been used, processed, or woven but does not need to come from that first shearing and can come from adult sheep.

Viscose

A type of manufactured cellulose fiber created by adding wood pulp to a viscous compound that dissolves the pulp, producing a soft fiber used in a variety of clothing articles. Also see Rayon.

Vinyon

A synthetic fiber composed of PVC and used in a variety of applications from industrial filters to protective garments. The first commercial creation of vinyon fibers was in 1939, and they have been used ever since, despite the health risks of using chlorinated polymers. Nowadays, it is used as flame resistant fibers in clothing and in carpeting. Often times it is used as a way of bonding two fabrics together by adding heat to it, given that it softens at a fairly low temperature.

Viyella

A soft, flannel-like twill fabric made from a blend of lamb's wool and fine cotton. First created in England in 1893 and was the "first branded fabric in the world". Composed of 55% Merino wool and 45% cotton.

Vlisco

A design created by a group of Dutch illustrators to pay tribute to the designs of ancient Indonesia. Traditionally dyed using the Batik method, the design is rigorously pressed into the fabric at high pressures so that even the smallest details may be printed.

Voilé

A voilé refers to a plainly woven lightweight and gauzy material. Derived from the French word for "veil." Voilé is a semi-transparent dress material made of cotton, wool, or silk usually from cylindrical combed yarns. This type of material is known for its fluid and billowy drape. "Voilé de Laine" is the term for a wool voilé.